DDA 300: Audience Overlaps with Data Distiller

Getting Started

Every day, a snapshot of the Profile attributes for every merge policy is exported to the data lake. These system datasets are hidden by default but are accessible by toggling these datasets in the data catalog.

These datasets contain information about the profile attributes, the identity map, and the segment membership as reflected at the time of creating the snapshot. The examples below show how you can explore this dataset to understand identity composition and even create exotic segment overlaps.

To first access, the Profile Snapshot datasets, navigate to Datasets and click on the filter to show system datasets. Turning this filter on will show system datasets along with others. You need to search for "profile attribute" to filter down the list. Profile attribute snapshot datasets are exported for every merge policy in the system. In the example below, there are 3 merge policies and hence there are 3 datasets.

These datasets will typically look like the following unless their name has been changed: profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903

Even if the name has been changed, you should be able to query the dataset:

SELECT * FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

The columns you will see in the result will look like the following. If you see identityMap and segmentMembership fields, then you are on the right track.

There are some other interesting datasets that are generated on a daily basis by the system. Explore some of these on your own.

select * from br_segment_destination;

This will give you the list of destinations that have been mapped to a segment. Note that each row contains one such mapping and that a single destination can have multiple segments and vice versa. Also, note that segmentnamespace refers to the source of the segment i.e. whether it was created in AEP or elsewhere.

You may also see a dataset that contains the segment information. Search for a dataset that has segment definition in the schema type and you should be able to locate this dataset

select * from profile_segment_definition_6591ba8f_1422_499d_822a_543b2f7613a3

The results of the query look like the following:

And finally the destinations ID to account name mapping is available in this system dataset:

select * from dim_destination;

Let us explore another dataset that gives us information about what identities are available for mapping to a destination.

select * from br_namespace_destination
order by destinationID

The result is:

The result shows that for a given target identity (namespace) available in the destination, there are multiple source identity options, many of which are not used (isMapped = false). These identities were sourced by the profiles that were part of the audience which in turn was powered by the identity graph.

Just for fun, let us see what fields are being used in our destinations in my test environment:

select * from br_namespace_destination
where isMapped='true'
order by destinationID

The results are:

Find Merge Policies in the Snapshot

The following tables are created from the Profile Attribute Snapshot in the reporting star schema for the Real-Time Customer Profiles. We will write queries against these tables to get answers that will be

SELECT * FROM adwh_dim_merge_policies;

You can get the dataset_id to the dataset name by typing the following and browsing down the list of results:

SHOW TABLES

Another approach would be to copy and paste that into the search bar at the top in the AEP UI.

The dataset name will reveal itself. Click on the dataset to get the table name which you will need as the table name for all your queries.

You should be able to start exploring the profile snapshot datasets immediately.

SELECT * FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

SELECT person.name.lastName FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903

Retrieve Segment Information

SELECT * FROM adwh_dim_segments;

Count Profiles by Merge Policy

Merge policy is an "MDM-like" feature that lets you prioritize attribute records whenever there is a conflict i.e. either use one dataset over the other or use the timestamp to resolve that conflict. Mostly, you will see that timestamp precedence is used as the source of truth is typically a CRM system that is evolving over time, and new attribute records with updates get added to the Real-Time Customer Profile. The new records need to take precedence.

SELECT COUNT(identityMap) FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

If you navigate to the Profiles->Overview page, for the same merge policy, you will see the same count. Note that we had chosen Default Time-based merge policy in this example in our environment.

Use EXPLODE to Separate Identities in Separate Rows

SELECT Segmentmembership, explode(identitymap) from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

Before you extract the identity information, you need to understand the map structure. Use the to_json feature in Data Distiller to get in place information about the schema structure without having to go to the Schemas UI screen. This is an extremely important feature with deeply nested data structures and maps.

SELECT to_json(identityMap) FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

If you execute the following, you will see the following:

What you see above is the identity map structure. The map has the identity namespace (email, crmid) as the unique key to index the values. Note that this is an array of values. If you need to extract the identities, you will need to use the following code:

SELECT identityMap.email.id FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

The results look like the following:

Typically we would explode this array

SELECT explode(identityMap.email.id) FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

But there is a problem - plain vanilla "explode" will get rid of rows that do not have any identity values. That is a problem because the absence of an identity is a signal and is possibly associated with other identities that the person may have. Let us fix the issue by using explode_outer from Data Distiller:

SELECT explode_outer(identityMap.email.id) AS email  FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903

But just doing an explode_outer on a single identity namespace is of no use. We have destroyed the association between identities within that same namespace. Let us generate a synthetic UUID for each profile row to keep track of our identities as we explode them. If we do this right, we will generate a table of UUIDs and related identities as a columnar table that gives us leverage to use it for a variety of operations.

If we take the first element of the email namespace and concatenate that with the first element of the crmid namespace, we are guaranteed a unique identifier. If not, it would mean that two rows in the profile export dataset have that identity in common. The identity stitching in Real-Time Customer Profile should have taken care of it and merged it into a single row.

Let us now generate the unique UUIDs along with the schema-friendly identity map structure

SELECT concat(identityMap.email.id[0],identityMap.crmid.id[0]) AS unique_id,to_json(identityMap) from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903

The results will look like:

But concat string function does a poor job at concatenating NULL values. We have to remedy that with COALESCE:

SELECT COALESCE(identityMap.email.id[0],identityMap.crmid.id[0]) as unique_id,to_json(identityMap) from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903

This works and you will get:

If there are two identity namespaces, then the explode_outer operator works on each, one at a time. Make sure you remove the to_json as we do not need it anymore:

SELECT unique_id, explode_outer(identityMap.email.id) AS email, identityMap.crmid.id AS crmid FROM
(SELECT coalesce(identityMap.email.id[0],identityMap.crmid.id[0]) AS unique_id,identityMap from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)

You will get:

We need to explode this one more time for crmid and we should get:

SELECT unique_id, email, explode_outer(crmid) as crmid FROM (
SELECT unique_id, explode_outer(identityMap.email.id) AS email, identityMap.crmid.id AS crmid FROM
(SELECT coalesce(identityMap.email.id[0],identityMap.crmid.id[0]) AS unique_id,identityMap from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)
)

The results would be:

Using this table, I can do some very interesting analysis. For example, we can look at the histogram of email IDs in the system:

SELECT bucket, count(unique_id) FROM(
SELECT unique_id, count(CASE WHEN email IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE email END) as bucket FROM(
SELECT unique_id, email, explode_outer(crmid) as crmid FROM (
SELECT unique_id, explode_outer(identityMap.email.id) AS email, identityMap.crmid.id AS crmid FROM
(SELECT coalesce(identityMap.email.id[0],identityMap.crmid.id[0]) AS unique_id,identityMap from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)
))
GROUP BY unique_id 
ORDER BY bucket ASC)
GROUP BY bucket

The answer looks like this:

Why are we seeing 976 as a bucket and 0 counts for unique_ids? The sum of 8225 and 976 adds up to the number of profiles. Why did we even get this result in the first place? Is there something wrong with the way the SQL is written or is there something more profound happening in the identity graph?

Still cannot figure it out? What if the email and crmid identities were non-existent? You have null rows in the table that you should clean before you do any analytics. For the identity lookup use case which is the goal of this section, it would not matter,

Extract Identities Without Breaking Segment Membership Association

In our example, we will be simplifying the use case since we do not have multiple identities. We will be just using the first element to create a simple map.

SELECT identitymap.email.id[0] AS email, identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

SELECT Segmentmembership, identitymap.email.id[0] AS email, identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid
from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

Expand Segment Membership

SELECT  explode(Segmentmembership), email, crmid  
       FROM 
         (SELECT Segmentmembership, identitymap.email.id[0] AS email, identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid
            FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)sq

Create Segment Membership, Email, and CRMID Triples

SELECT key AS segment_id, email, crmid FROM (
SELECT explode(value), email, crmid   FROM ( 
    SELECT  explode(Segmentmembership), email, crmid  
       FROM 
         (SELECT Segmentmembership, identitymap.email.id[0] AS email,     identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid
            from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)
            )
            ); 

Resolve Segment ID to Segment Name

The segment_id needs to be resolved to a segment name. Note that I have to name the subqueries in order to reference them in the INNER JOIN clause. I am also creating a unique UID by concatenating the ID values

SELECT segment_name, email, crmid, concat(email, crmid) AS UID FROM 
(
SELECT key AS segment_id, email, crmid FROM (
SELECT explode(value), email, crmid   FROM ( 
    SELECT  explode(Segmentmembership), email, crmid  
       FROM 
         (SELECT Segmentmembership, identitymap.email.id[0] AS email, identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid
            from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)
            )
            ) ) AS A
INNER JOIN adwh_dim_segments AS B 
ON A.segment_id=B.segment;

Write Query Result to Data Lake

Materialize this table to the data lake. Use the DROP TABLE clause to wipe out an existing table

DROP TABLE  IF EXISTS segment_data;
CREATE TABLE segment_data AS (SELECT segment_name, email, crmid, concat(email, crmid) AS UID FROM 
(
SELECT key AS segment_id, email, crmid FROM (
SELECT explode(value), email, crmid   FROM ( 
    SELECT  explode(Segmentmembership), email, crmid  
       FROM 
         (SELECT Segmentmembership, identitymap.email.id[0] AS email, identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid
            from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)
            )
            ) ) AS A
INNER JOIN adwh_dim_segments AS B 
ON A.segment_id=B.segment);

Explore what is contained in the dataset. We should see 13K rows

SELECT * FROM segment_data;

Identify records that have NULL crmid values

SELECT * FROM segment_data
WHERE crmid IS NULL;

Audience Size Calculation

Here we will count the number of people vs what I see in the UI. There are some segments that are zero and that do not agree with UI. What do you think happened?

SELECT segment_name, count(UID)
FROM segment_data
GROUP BY segment_name

Do not materialize the dataset. Instead, let us fix this with COALESCE

SELECT segment_name, count(DISTINCT UID) FROM (SELECT segment_name, email, crmid, concat(COALESCE(email, ''), COALESCE(crmid, ''))AS UID FROM 
(
SELECT key AS segment_id, email, crmid FROM (
SELECT explode(value), email, crmid   FROM ( 
    SELECT  explode(Segmentmembership), email, crmid  
       FROM 
         (SELECT Segmentmembership, identitymap.email.id[0] AS email, identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid
            from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)
            )
            ) ) AS A
INNER JOIN adwh_dim_segments AS B 
ON A.segment_id=B.segment)
GROUP BY segment_name;

We still do not materialize because we need to check the count. It should be 8,225 in our case.

SELECT count(DISTINCT UID) FROM (SELECT segment_name, email, crmid, concat(COALESCE(email, ''), COALESCE(crmid, '')) AS UID FROM 
(
SELECT key AS segment_id, email, crmid FROM (
SELECT explode(value), email, crmid   FROM ( 
    SELECT  explode(Segmentmembership), email, crmid  
       FROM 
         (SELECT Segmentmembership, identitymap.email.id[0] AS email, identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid
            from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)
            )
            ) ) AS A
INNER JOIN adwh_dim_segments AS B 
ON A.segment_id=B.segment);

The above query result does not agree with what we see below. Where is the difference?

Exploding segmentMembership eliminated unsegmented profiles.

SELECT COUNT(identityMap) FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903;

SELECT COUNT(identityMap) FROM profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c WHERE Segmentmembership IS NULL903

If you add 6500 (profiles attached to at least one segment)+1725 (profiles not attached to any segment), you get 8225 which is our count.

Generate Segment Name to Identities Table

DROP TABLE  IF EXISTS segment_data;
CREATE TABLE segment_data AS (
SELECT segment_name, email, crmid, concat(COALESCE(email, ''), COALESCE(crmid, '')) AS UID FROM 
(
SELECT key AS segment_id, email, crmid FROM (
SELECT explode(value), email, crmid   FROM ( 
    SELECT  explode(Segmentmembership), email, crmid  
       FROM 
         (SELECT Segmentmembership, identitymap.email.id[0] AS email, identitymap.crmid.id[0] AS crmid
            from profile_attribute_cd03f195_66b5_4a62_a6f9_c606e951c903)
            )
            ) ) AS A
INNER JOIN adwh_dim_segments AS B 
ON A.segment_id=B.segment);

Let us create some analytical queries

SELECT segment_name, count(DISTINCT UID), COUNT(DISTINCT email) AS count_email, COUNT(DISTINCT crmid) AS count_crmid
FROM segment_data
GROUP BY segment_name;

Double-check:

SELECT * FROM segment_data;

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT UID) FROM segment_data;

Generate Emails Associated with a Segment Name

SELECT segment_name, array_agg(email) as email_list, array_agg(crmid) as crm_list
FROM segment_data
GROUP BY segment_name;

Generate Segments Associated with an Email Address

SELECT email, array_agg(segment_name)
FROM segment_data
GROUP BY email

3 Segment Overlap

SELECT * FROM (SELECT UID, array_agg(segment_name) AS seg_array FROM segment_data GROUP BY UID) WHERE array_contains(seg_array, 'United States') AND array_contains(seg_array, 'Saurabh New') AND array_contains(seg_array, 'Winter wear')

4 Segment Overlap

SELECT * FROM (SELECT UID, array_agg(segment_name) AS seg_array FROM segment_data GROUP BY UID)
WHERE array_contains(seg_array, 'United States') AND array_contains(seg_array, 'Saurabh New') AND array_contains(seg_array, 'Winter wear') 
AND array_contains(seg_array, 'Male Gender Test Segment')

Even before we typed this query, we should have been able to predict the kinds of answers we would have gotten. The lowest-sized audience will give you the upper limit on the overlap. Can you figure out which of these segments is that?

However, if we execute the query, we see the not-so-surprising result.